Polonnaruwa: A Timeless Treasure of Sri Lanka’s History

Location

Polonnaruwa is located in the North Central Province of Sri Lanka. This historic city, surrounded by serene greenery, is a well-preserved relic of the island’s ancient grandeur. Positioned approximately 230 kilometers northeast of Colombo, Polonnaruwa is a destination that exudes charm, history, and tranquility.

Province:

North Central Province is often considered the heart of Sri Lanka’s ancient cultural triangle, which also includes Anuradhapura and Sigiriya. Polonnaruwa, as one of its crown jewels, plays a pivotal role in this rich tapestry of heritage.

How to Reach

Reaching Polonnaruwa is an adventure in itself, with multiple travel options catering to diverse preferences:

1. By Road:
   • From Colombo, travelers can take the A1 and A6 highways, with the journey typically taking about 5-6 hours by car. The scenic drive offers glimpses of verdant landscapes, quaint villages, and wildlife along the way.
   • Private taxi services or chauffeured tours are popular choices for convenience and comfort.
2. By Train:
   • The railway journey from Colombo to Polonnaruwa is a delightful experience, combining affordability with breathtaking views of the countryside. Regular trains connect Colombo to Polonnaruwa via key towns like Kurunegala and Gal Oya Junction.
3. By Bus:
   • Regular public and private buses operate between Colombo and Polonnaruwa, offering an economical and efficient mode of transport. AC luxury buses are available for those seeking added comfort.
4. By Air:
   • Domestic flights to nearby cities like Sigiriya or Batticaloa provide a swift travel option, followed by a short drive to Polonnaruwa.

Tour Activities:

Polonnaruwa offers an extensive array of activities, combining history, culture, and nature for an enriching experience:

1. Exploration of Ancient Ruins:
   • Royal Palace Complex: Once a majestic structure, this site houses the remnants of King Parakramabahu I’s palace, believed to have contained over a thousand rooms. The ruins still echo its regal past.
   • Gal Vihara: A true masterpiece of ancient Sri Lankan stone carving, the Gal Vihara features four colossal Buddha statues carved into a single granite rock. Each statue represents a different posture of the Buddha, showcasing serene expressions and exquisite detailing.
   • Lankathilaka Temple: This massive brick structure is adorned with intricate carvings and houses a towering Buddha statue, embodying the zenith of Polonnaruwa’s architectural ingenuity.
   • Sacred Quadrangle (Dalada Maluwa): A compact yet highly significant area housing some of the most iconic structures, including the Vatadage, a circular relic house with ornate stone carvings.
2. Nature and Relaxation:
   • Parakrama Samudra: Known as the “Sea of Parakrama,” this vast reservoir is an engineering marvel from the 12th century. Visitors can enjoy peaceful walks along its shores or admire the breathtaking sunsets over its tranquil waters.
   • Botanical Surroundings: The city’s verdant landscapes and serene environment make it an ideal spot for relaxation and rejuvenation.
3. Wildlife Adventures:
   • Just a short drive from Polonnaruwa lies Minneriya National Park, renowned for its annual elephant gatherings. Nature enthusiasts can embark on jeep safaris to witness these majestic creatures in their natural habitat.
4. Cultural Experiences:
   • Guided Tours: Hiring a knowledgeable local guide enhances the experience, providing fascinating insights into Polonnaruwa’s history, architecture, and spiritual significance.
   • Local Villages: A visit to nearby villages offers a glimpse into traditional Sri Lankan lifestyles, complete with opportunities to savor authentic local cuisine and witness age-old crafts.
5. Cycling through History:
   • Renting a bicycle is one of the best ways to explore Polonnaruwa. The compact nature of the archaeological park, coupled with well-maintained paths, makes cycling a delightful and eco-friendly option.

Why Visit Polonnaruwa?

Polonnaruwa is not merely a destination; it is a journey through Sri Lanka’s illustrious past. Designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, this ancient city was the second capital of Sri Lanka after Anuradhapura. It thrived as a center of governance, religion, and art from the 11th to the 13th century. Key highlights include:

• Gal Vihara: The unparalleled artistry of the rock-cut Buddha statues is a testament to the skill and devotion of the ancient craftsmen.
• Parakrama Samudra: A lasting symbol of Sri Lanka’s hydraulic engineering marvels, this reservoir continues to support agriculture and provide scenic beauty.
• Royal Palace: The ruins of this majestic palace reflect the splendor of a bygone era, leaving visitors in awe of its scale and complexity.
• Religious Significance: Polonnaruwa’s temples and stupas, including the Rankoth Vehera and Kiri Vehera, are sacred sites that attract pilgrims and tourists alike.
• A blend of Cultures: The city’s monuments reflect influences from both Sinhalese and South Indian architecture, offering a unique blend of artistic styles.

Conclusion

Polonnaruwa is a destination that captivates the heart and mind. Whether you are a history enthusiast, a culture seeker, or a lover of nature, this ancient city offers something special for everyone. Its well-preserved ruins, serene landscapes, and rich cultural heritage make it a must-visit location in Sri Lanka’s cultural triangle. Embark on a journey to Polonnaruwa to witness the timeless legacy of a civilization that continues to inspire awe and admiration across the globe.