Yapahuwa Kingdom, located in the Kurunegala District of the North Western Province, is home to the Yapahuwa Rock Fortress Complex, which stands as a remarkable testament to Sri Lanka’s rich heritage.
Location
District: Kurunegala
Province: North Western Province
Introduction to Yapahuwa Kingdom
Nestled in the Kurunegala District of the North Western Province, the Yapahuwa Kingdom stands as a testament to Sri Lanka’s rich heritage. Of all the ancient ruins on the island, this site is regarded as one of the finest archaeological treasures. Once the capital of the island in the 13th century, Yapahuwa holds the echoes of a glorious past, including the legacy of King Buwanekabahu I and the revered Sacred Tooth Relic.
Yapahuwa is an extremely significant location from the Buddhist point of view. A shrine with Buddha images and a Brahmi script inscription can be seen amongst these structures. The ruins of a stupa and a Bodhi tree enclosure are also found at the base of the rock.
Significance of Yapahuwa Kingdom
Yapahuwa’s importance stems from its dual role as a historical and religious site. It served as a fortified citadel and the home of the Sacred Tooth Relic of the Buddha for 12 years. The fortress showcases exceptional artistry, especially the stone stairway and lion sculptures, which have earned their place on Sri Lanka’s Rs. 10 banknotes. Excavations reveal ties to Chinese civilization, underscoring its prominence in international trade and diplomacy.
How to Reach Yapahuwa Kingdom
- From Colombo: Travel approximately 150 km via Kurunegala and Maho to reach Yapahuwa.
- From Kurunegala: The fortress is located 55 km away, accessible by road.
- By Train: Board a train to the Maho Junction and proceed by road to Yapahuwa.
- By Bus: Regular buses operate from Colombo and Kurunegala to Maho, from where a short journey will lead to the site.
Archaeological excavations at Yapahuwa have revealed that the monarchy had some kind of contact with the Chinese civilization. In 1810-1811, the first Archaeological Commissioner in Sri Lanka, H.C.P. Bell, discovered a number of Chinese coins during his dig.
Key Features
- The Rock Fortress: Rising 90 meters above the lowlands, the fortress boasts a moat and fortifications forming a horseshoe shape, connected by a bridge.
- Stone Stairway: A masterpiece of engineering and defense, its narrow steps made rapid movement difficult, giving defenders a tactical advantage.
- Temple of the Tooth: Once home to the Sacred Tooth Relic, the elegant gateway at the stairway’s summit hints at the grandeur of the ancient temple.
- Yapahuwa Lion Statues: These lion sculptures, reminiscent of Chinese artistry, signify cultural exchanges and adorn the Rs. 10 banknotes.
- Monastic Ruins: Remains of stupas, Bodhi tree enclosures, and a Buddhist monastery dot the summit and the base of the rock.
- Cave Shrines: Featuring Brahmi inscriptions and Buddha images, these caves highlight the site’s Buddhist significance.
Things to Know
- Best Time to Visit: November to March for cooler weather.
- Entry Fee: Nominal charges apply for local and international visitors.
- Guided Tours: Available for those interested in the history and architectural details.
- Dress Code: Modest attire is advised, especially when visiting religious sites.
- Facilities: Parking, restrooms, and a small museum showcasing artifacts are available near the site.
The Rock Fortress Complex of Yapahuwa is considered one of the best archeological sites in Sri Lanka. The stronghold measures 4 meters in height and 22 meters in breadth. It is perched atop a massive 90-meter-tall rock outcropping in the lowlands.
Conclusion
The Yapahuwa Rock Fortress Complex is more than just an archaeological site—it is a journey into Sri Lanka’s vibrant history and heritage. From the breathtaking climb to its summit to the intricate artistry etched in stone, Yapahuwa offers a profound experience for history enthusiasts and travelers alike. It is a site that celebrates the resilience and creativity of a bygone era, making it a must-visit destination in Sri Lanka.
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